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When speakers imitate a word form a foreign language and at least partly adapt in sound or grammar to their native speech ways, the process is known as borrowing, and the word thus borrowed is a loanword. Moreover, the history of a loanword may be quite complex because such words have often passed through a series of languages before reaching English. In addition, English language barrowed thousands of words from many languages such as; Arabic, Latin, Greek, French and Italian. According to one survey, the percentage of modern English words derived from each language group are as follows:
(including words used only in scientific / medical / legal contexts):
Latin ~29%
French: ~29%
Germanic: ~26%
Others: ~16%
Besides, There are numerous Arabic loanwords in English, i.e., words of English acquired directly from Arabic or indirectly, by passing from Arabic into a third language (often Spanish) and then into English.
Here in [COLOR=green]the following list there are some [/COLOR]Arabic loanwords in English:
[COLOR=darkblue]Admiral [/COLOR]
أميرال بحار, amīr al-bihār commander of the seas.
[COLOR=darkblue]Alchemy [/COLOR]
الكيمياء alkīmiyā, from Greek khēmia, khēmeia, art of transmuting metals
[COLOR=darkblue]Alcohol [/COLOR]
الغول - الكحول
[COLOR=darkblue]Algebra [/COLOR]
الجبر al-jabr, the restoring of missing parts. The modern mathematical sense comes from the title of the book al-kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala, "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing" by the 9th-century mathematician Abu Ja"far Muḥammad ibn Mūsa al-Khwārizmī.
[COLOR=darkblue]Algorithm and algorism[/COLOR]
الخوارزمي al-khwārizmī, a short name for the mathematician Muhammad ibn Mūsa al-Khwārizmī. The appellation al-Khwārizmī means "from Khwārizm".
[COLOR=darkblue]Amber [/COLOR]
Amber/anbar
[COLOR=darkblue]Artichoke [/COLOR]
الخرشوف al-xurshūf
[COLOR=darkblue]Checkmate [/COLOR]
شاه مات shah māt, "The king is dead"
[COLOR=darkblue]Coffee [/COLOR]
قهوة qahwa,
[COLOR=darkblue]Cotton [/COLOR]
قُطْن qutun
[COLOR=darkblue]Ghoul [/COLOR]
غول ghūl
[COLOR=darkblue]Giraffe [/COLOR]
زرافة zarāfa
[COLOR=darkblue]Jasmine, Jessamine[/COLOR]
from Arabic ياسمين yas(a)min.
[COLOR=darkblue]Jinn [/COLOR]
Arabic is الجن al Jinn (note that genie is not derived from this, though it may be influenced by it)
[COLOR=darkblue]Lemon [/COLOR]
ليمون "citrus fruit,".
[COLOR=darkblue]Orange [/COLOR]
From Arabic word نارنج naranj, from Tamil via Sanskrit and Persian.
[COLOR=darkblue]Saffron [/COLOR]
زعفران saffron (or zaffarān), species of crocus plant bearing orange stigmas and purple flowers.
[COLOR=darkblue]Sugar [/COLOR]
سكّر sukkar, sugar.
[COLOR=darkblue]Sumac [/COLOR]
summāq "سمَاق", from Arabic.
[COLOR=darkblue]Zero [/COLOR]
صفر sifr, cipher, zero.
[COLOR=darkblue]Rice [/COLOR]
"riz", from Arabic رز. [/ALIGN]
استعارة الكلمات هي : إن يستخدم المتحدثين كلمه من لغة أجنبيه ( غير لغتهم الأصلية ) أو يتبع قواعدها النحوية أو اللفظية فقط .
تاريخ ( الكلمات المستعارة ) معقد للغاية لأن مثل هذه الكلمات غالبا ما تمر عبر سلسلة من اللغات قبل أن تصل إلى الإنجليزية.
واللغة الإنجليزية تحتوي على آلاف الكلمات المستعارة من لغات عديدة مثل ؛ العربية واللاتينية واليونانية والفرنسية والايطالية.
ووفقا لأحد الاستطلاعات، فإن النسبة المئوية من الكلمات الإنجليزية الحديثة المستمدة من كل مجموعة لغوية هي كما يلي:
اللاتينية (بما في ذلك الكلمات المستخدمة فقط في المجالات العلمية / الطبية / القانونية) : ~ 29 ٪
الفرنسية : ~ 29 ٪
الجرمانية : ~ 26 ٪
لغات أخرى : ~ 16 ٪
إلى جانب ذلك ، هناك العديد من الكلمات نستخدمها باللغة الإنجليزية هي بالأصل عربيه ، وأحيانا تكون مستعارة من اللغة العربية بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر ( كأن تكون عربية الأصل ثم تنتقل إلى لغة ثانيه - في الغالب من اللغة الاسبانية- ومن ثم إلى الانكليزية ).
وإليكم بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية التي هي بالأصل عربيه:
أميرال
أمير البحار
الكيمياء
الغول -- الكحول
علم الجبر
الخوارزمية ونظام العد العربي
العنبر
الخرشوف
"مات الملك"
القهوة
القطن
الغول
زرافة
الياسمين
الجن
الليمون
الزعفران
السكر
السماق.
صفر
الأرز
[ALIGN=LEFT]References:
"List of Arabic loanwords in English". Wikipedia. 29 January 2010 at 09:25
< http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Arabic_origin > [/ALIGN]
التعليقات 19
19 pings
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09/02/2010 في 8:03 ص[3] رابط التعليق
موضوع شيّق جداً ~
حيث في المقابل هناك بعض المصطلحات الإنجليزية التي تكاد ان تصبح جزء لا يتجزأ من لغتنا العربية بسبب كثرة استخدامها وتعريبها والأمثلة على ذلكـ كثيرة
thanks maha
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09/02/2010 في 2:05 م[3] رابط التعليق
7ammod attamimi
شكرا جزيلا لإضافتك أخي الكريم ..سعدت بتواجدك الدائم في هذا القسم ..
I’m so glad to you for being one of English time guests
😉
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09/02/2010 في 4:04 م[3] رابط التعليق
مقــآلة ولآ أحلى يكفي انها منتس:cool:
:
:
تآآآبعي ابداااااعك..~:]
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09/02/2010 في 4:25 م[3] رابط التعليق
بسم الله وحده والصلاة والسلام على من لا نبي بعده وبعد,
أسعدني طرح هذا الموضوع لما يعلوه من لطف ويرتكز عليه من أساس متين يبرز الحضارة البشرية والإسلامية والعربية تحديداً ومدى تأثر الغرب بها في فترة ازدهارها.
وفي هذا المقام التقدم بالشكر الجزيل لصحيفتنا المباركة وللأخت الفاضلة على جميل ما يقدمونه وبهذا الصدد أتمنى على صحيفتنا الغالية أن تتفضل بإقرار إثبات ما تسطره الأخت الفاضل كزاوية أو ركن دائم ومستمر في الصحيفة على أساس الالتزام بذات المستوى الراقي الجميل لما في ذلك من سمواً للفكر البشري واحتراماً لذات القارئ الكريم والإبحار في يم الثقافة الحقيقة بعيدا عن علوم الوهم اللفظي التي لا خير فيها سوى غثيان الأقوال المفضي للضياع والفراغ الفكري .
ودمتم ودامت بلادنا على أساسها المتين كتاب الله وسنة نبيه الكريم
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11/02/2010 في 7:29 ص[3] رابط التعليق
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
::
Dear Maha , good morning
A very interesting topic , I enjoyed studying it before
but it is now more lovely and brief
Loanword reflects in my opinion more than words sharing
it shows a long history of cultural exchange due to economic and
scientific espects in the first stage
Also, I feel the superiority of Arabic when I see this huge numbers
of loanwords from our Great language
::
Go ahead Mahawee
::
PS: please , foreward this to Mrs. Manal Al-Homood
^_^
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12/02/2010 في 11:53 ص[3] رابط التعليق
طالبه
وياك ياربي ..
حياك الله ..:cool:
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11/02/2010 في 7:56 م[3] رابط التعليق
الله يعطيك العافيه
بس صراحه مدري وش السالفه(؟)
( )
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11/02/2010 في 10:21 م[3] رابط التعليق
Jo0ody
هلا بتس لبى قليبس
😎
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11/02/2010 في 10:23 م[3] رابط التعليق
المستشار/فيصل الخريجي
أهلا وسهلا بك إستاذنا الكريم..
انه لشرف لي إضافتكم ..ومروركم العطر..وماسطرته أناملكم من كلمات رسمت لي أفق جديد للبذل والعطاء..تقبل فائق إحترامي وتقديري ..
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11/02/2010 في 10:32 م[3] رابط التعليق
Mai Al-Fahid
وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله وبركاته
hi Mai ..
great to see you my dearest one
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Loanword reflects in my opinion more than words sharing
it shows a long history of cultural exchange due to economic and
scientific espects in the first stage
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
I totally agree ,, any one can notice that many Loanwords form Arabic
language are especially from these two fields
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Also, I feel the superiority of Arabic when I see this huge numbers
of loanwords from our Great language
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Yeab, Our language is the best
________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
PS: please , foreward this to Mrs. Manal Al-Homood
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
!!! I’ll do Ensha Allah
:lool:
Thanks a lot Mai you are the best
| 😎
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13/02/2010 في 7:51 م[3] رابط التعليق
ماشاء الله على الابداع مــــــــــــره حلو
يعطيك العافيه 😎 😎 😉
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14/02/2010 في 5:31 ص[3] رابط التعليق
شي روعه بس ماعرفت شي الصحيفه كم تعليق تحذفونه تبون المهايطه والمجاملات بس
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14/02/2010 في 11:56 م[3] رابط التعليق
السلام عليكم
ليس غريب عليك اختي مها من الابداع والمقالات اللتي عودتينا عليها منذ ان عرفتك
استمري اختي مهاوي وواصلي في كتاباتك اللتي تنبع من القلب للقلب ..
اتمنى لك مزيد من النجاح والتقدم..
😉 😉
صديقتك لموووووي
انشاالله تذكريني
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17/02/2010 في 7:10 م[3] رابط التعليق
الفراشه الرقيقه :
أهلا ومرحبا بك
لموي :
وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله
سررت جدا بإطلالتك ..
شكرا لروعة إطرائك.
كيف أنسى صديقات الثانويه ؟
😎
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25/02/2010 في 7:11 م[3] رابط التعليق
مشكوره على الموضوع الله يعطيك العافيه:lool:
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02/03/2010 في 2:08 ص[3] رابط التعليق
الله يعافيتس
( ) مع اني مافهمت شئ بس بين انه شئ خطير
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10/03/2010 في 7:20 م[3] رابط التعليق
نشكرك على مقالتك الرائعة
I appreciate your article.I am eager to see your new article
A.B
تقبلوا مروري
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11/03/2010 في 9:13 م[3] رابط التعليق
shosho
العفو حبيبتي ..
[…]
وياتس ياربي 😎
[مدرس الإنجليزي]
العفو
Thanks English teacher for your comment
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21/06/2010 في 12:11 م[3] رابط التعليق
بمااني مريت على الموضوع لازم اترك رد
بصراحـــــــــــه وصدق صدق مافهمت ولاشي
بس الي بقووووله
يعطيــــــــــــــــــــــــــك الف عافـــــــــــيه يالغلا على تعبك
طالبتك:ريموو:cool:
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